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On this page
  • Dataset info
  • Publications included
  • Methodological Readout Details
  • All non-spend factors
  • Fuels and Transport WTT
  • Biomass fuels
  • Electricity
  • Spend-based (supply chain)
  • Dataset Quality Flags
  • Emission Factor Flags
  • Links
  • Full Dataset downloads
  1. Methodology details
  2. Emission Factors
  3. Overview of all current dataset versions

EPA CADv2025

PreviousUK Government GHG Conversion Factors CADv2024NextAssociation of Issuing Bodies AIB CADv2024

Last updated 21 days ago

Dataset info

Full name

U.S. EPA

Publisher

U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD)

Description

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is a U.S. federal agency responsible for protecting human health and the environment through regulations and standards. The EPA GHG Emission Factors dataset provides standardized conversion factors that help organizations calculate their greenhouse gas emissions from various activities like fuel consumption, electricity use, and transportation.

Version nr.

CADv2025

Publications included

, , ,

Methodological Readout Details

All non-spend factors

All values were read out from the , and assigned validity periods according to the publication version

  • 2024 publication: all factor before 31/12/2024

  • 2025 publication: all factors after 01/01/2025

All emission factors were converted to kgCO2e/unit. For all GWP conversions, AR6 conversions were used, as defined in .

All keywords where the original source showed "NA" as a value, have been excluded from this dataset.

Fuels and Transport WTT

From this matched UK.Gov keyword, the Well-to-tank (WTT) emissions in CO₂e are read out, converted to the unit used in the EPA dataset, and used as the Generation stage in the emission factor.

Biomass fuels

For gaseous, solid and fluid biomass fuels, the CO₂ value is all considered to be of biogenic origin.

Electricity

For each region keyword, two variations were created.

  • Detail "Region average", where Market-Based and Location-Based both set to the region average.

  • Detail "Green", where Market-Based is considered 0 and Location-Based is set to the region average.

For each region keyword

The exact values of the TnD and Generation percentages used can be found in the "methodology_details" field in the full download below.

Non-baseload factors were excluded from the dataset.

Spend-based (supply chain)

All values in the original source are expressed in CO2e/2022_USD. For subsequent years, an inflation correction was applied to better reflect the value for 2023_USD, 2024_USD and 2025_USD.

In summary, the following inflation-corrections were implemented:

  • 2022 and earlier: No correction. Using the 2022_USD value as per source.

  • 2023: each sector corrected with the relative chain price for 2023_USD vs 2022_USD: CO₂e/2023_USD = CO₂e/2022_USD * 2022_USD/2023_USD.

  • 2024 and 2025: Same formula as above, but with 2023_USD/2024_USD and 2024_USD/2025_USD ratios set to 1/1.022, reflecting the 2.2% sector-wide average inflation.

The exact values of the inflation-corrections used can be found in the "methodology_details" field in the full download below.

Note that in some sector (e.g. Soybean Farming), the sector-specific inflation is negative, so the scaling factor to convert 2023USD to 2022USD is >1. This results in a counterintuitive result that for this sector, the emissions for per 2023_USD are higher than emissions per 2022_USD.

Dataset Quality Flags

This dataset has no detailed information about biogenic emissions. Biofuels are considered 100% bioCO₂, non-biofuels are considered 0% bioCO₂.

Emission Factor Flags

Attention point for spend-based emission factor for sectors experiencing negative inflation (see above).

Links

Full Dataset downloads

Each fuel and vehicle keyword in the EPA dataset is matched with the most-fitting keyword from the Emission factor dataset, as per . The exact matching keyword can be found in the "methodology_details" field in the full download below.

a Transmission and Distribution emission factor value was calculated using the grid loss factor defined in the table of the . This factor is ranging from 4.1% to 4.4%.

a Generation emission factor value was calculated, reflecting the upstream emissions related to upstream emissions of the fuels used in electricity generation. For this, a country-wide average factor of 14.6% was used, based on the for the United States. (as per ).

All emission factors were converted to kgCO2e/unit. For all GWP conversions, AR6 conversions were used, as defined in .

This correction was performed using sector, specific inflation proxies. We used Chain-Type Price Indexes for . For years on which the data was not yet published, the decade-wide sector-wide average inflation number of 2.2% is used as a proxy.

EPA v2024
EPA v2025
EPA Supply Chain Factors v1.3
UK.gov v2024 1.1 (for WTT only)
Emission factors hub
AR6 7.SM.6
UK.Gov 2024
EPA Scope 3 Guidance
2025 version
IEA upstream life cycle emission factors
Scope 3 guidance
AR6 7.SM.6
Gross output per industry from Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)
www.epa.gov/climateleadership/ghg-emission-factors-hub
catalog.data.gov/dataset/supply-chain-greenhouse-gas-emission-factors-v1-3-by-naics-6
www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2024
https://www.bea.gov/data/industries/gross-output-by-industry
240KB
CADv2025_EPA_it6.xlsx
2MB
CADv2025_EPA_SpendBased_it2.xlsx